Long-term follow-up of toenail onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes after successful treatment with systemic antifungal agents

Background

Recurrences (relapse or reinfection) of onychomycosis are not uncommon, with percentages reported in various studies ranging from 10% to 53%.

Objective

We sought to determine the prevalence of long-term recurrences of toenail onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes cured after systemic antifungal treatment with terbinafine (T) or itraconazole (I) and identify risk factors for recurrences.

Methods

This 7-year prospective study, started in 2000 and ended in 2007, included 73 patients periodically followed after successful treatment of toenail onychomycosis using either T, 250 mg daily (59 patients), or I, 400 mg daily, for 1 week per month (14 patients). Patients were evaluated every 6 months, with clinical and mycological evaluations being performed.

Results

Twelve of 73 patients (16.4%) developed a recurrence of onychomycosis a mean time of 36 months after successful treatment. These included 5 of the 14 patients (35.7%) who had taken I and 7 of the 59 (11.9%) who had taken T (P = .046).

Limitations

The number of patients treated with T (59 patients) was more than that for I (14 patients).

Conclusion

The administration of systemic T to treat the first episode of onychomycosis may provide better long-term success than I in those patients with a complete response. Other factors including the presence of predisposing factors, use of nail lacquer as a prophylactic treatment, and the dermatophyte strain isolated were not significantly related to relapse.

Key words: amorolfine nail lacquer, dermatophytes, itraconazole, systemic antifungal, terbinafine, toenail onychomycosis

Abbreviations used: FDA, Food and Drug Administration, I, itraconazole, T, terbinafine